Resumo Os principais problemas enfrentados pelas instituições florestais diante de interesses diversos são o estabelecimento e o cumprimento das regras de uso e proteção dos recursos florestais. Essa perspectiva é o foco deste estudo, o qual visa evidenciar o grau de desenvolvimento da gestão organizacional das instituições responsáveis pela gestão florestal do Estado do Amazonas no ambiente pós-descentralização. A pesquisa identificou dois endereços institucionais responsáveis pela gestão das florestas: a Sepror e a SDS, os quais desempenham papéis dispersos nas duas instâncias de administração direta. Esta dualidade evidencia conflitos de atribuições. Vistos como elementos de gestão pública, esses endereços são deficientes na perspectiva dos servidores públicos e usuários. Dentre as fragilidades institucionais apontadas, ressalta-se a falta de um pacto entre governo federal e estadual quanto à descentralização. Isso contribui para o atual quadro da institucionalidade florestal no estado, responsável pela gestão do maior remanescente de cobertura florestal do país.

Abstract The main problems faced by forest institutions are the establishment of rules and their enforcement in the use and protection of forest resources in face of diverse interests. Accordingly, the present study focuses on the degree of development of the organizational management of institutions responsible for the forest administration in the state of Amazonas, in its post-decentralization environment. Thus, the survey points out two institutional addresses responsible for the institutional forest management: Sepror and the SDS. These institutions play the role of directly managing the forest issues, and it evidences the conflict of assignments. According to the perception of public officers and users about the elements of public administration, these institutions are non-functional ones. Among the pointed institutional weaknesses, the lack of an agreement between federal and state governments and the decentralization have contributed to the current institutional forest management situation in the state responsible for the administration of the largest remaining forests in the country.

ABSTRACT This study aims to show the organizational capacity and structure of the forest management system of the State of Amapá, Brazil. The research was based on the principles applied in Public Administration functions. We found that forest management in Amapá is performed by four State agencies consisting of two management systems that act on the production side, with one being in direct administration as the formulator of forestry policy, and one being an autonomous agency linked to the previous one as executor of forestry policy, and the other two systems being more directly linked to protection, with one being a formulator of environmental policy and the other its executor. There was a statistically significant correlation between the perceptions of public officers and the users of institutions regarding the organizational system. Some conflicts were observed between the four institutions in terms of forest administration responsibilities. We concluded that the maintenance of the existing forest coverage is not directly due to institutional capacities.

Este trabalho objetivou realizar a pirólise de resíduos do coco-da-baía (Cocos nucifera Linn) e efetuar a análise química imediata do carvão vegetal produzido. Carvão vegetal, líquido pirolenhoso e gases não-condensáveis foram produzidos sob as temperaturas máximas de destilação de 350, 450 e 550 ºC. Submeteram-se à pirólise o coco inteiro e o seu endocarpo (verde e maduro), adotando como referência o carvão derivado do lenho de eucalipto (Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake). O rendimento gravimétrico do carvão do coco inteiro, pirolisado na temperatura máxima de 350 ºC, foi estatisticamente superior aos dos demais tratamentos. Os maiores rendimentos em gases condensáveis foram obtidos a partir da pirólise do endocarpo verde, sob as três temperaturas máximas de pirólise analisadas. Os maiores teores de carbono fixo foram apresentados pelos carvões derivados do endocarpo do coco maduro, pirolisados nas temperaturas máximas de 450 e 550 ºC. Houve a equiparação estatística dos rendimentos em carbono fixo dos carvões do endocarpo do coco maduro e do lenho de eucalipto, pirolisados sob as três temperaturas máximas ora analisadas, e do coco inteiro destilado a 450 e 550 ºC.

The objective of this work was to carry out the pyrolysis of coconut residues (Cocos nucifera Linn) and to perform the chemical analysis of charcoal. Charcoal, pirogalyc liquid and non-condensed gases were produced under maximum temperatures of 350ºC, 450ºC and 550ºC. The whole coconut and its endocarp were pyrolysed (ripe and unripe), having as reference the charcoal derived from eucalyptus log (Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake). The gravimetrical yield of whole coconut charcoal pyrolysed under maximum temperature of 350ºC, was superior to the other treatments. The largest yields of condensed gases were obtained from pyrolysis of unripe endocarp under the three pyrolysis temperatures. The highest levels of fixed carbon were given by charcoal derived from ripe endocarp, pyrolysed under maximum temperatures of 450º C and 550ºC. There was equal statistical response between fixed carbon yield from ripe endocarp charcoal and from eucalyptus log, pyrolysed in all the three maximum temperatures analyzed, and whole coconut pyrolysed under 450ºC and 550ºC.